In the context of the transition to a multipolar world, the Central Asian countries are faced with external attempts to change the system of collective security of the region. The Afghan issue remains a pressing problem, as terrorist and extremist organizations threaten the security of the Central Asian countries. External forces use water issues and "soft power" to influence domestic politics. Western-funded NGOs are active in the region, creating threats to stability. At the same time, the CSTO acts as the main structure ensuring security and stability in Central Asia. The countries of the region are also faced with attempts at alternative militarypolitical cooperation, in particular with the projects of Turkey and the United States, which threatens traditional security formats, such as the CSTO. Turkey is promoting the "Army of Turan" project within the framework of the Organization of Turkic States, while experts note the "creeping" expansion of NATO. At the same time, the Central Asian countries are actively accepting military-technical assistance from the West, which strengthens the multi-vector approach to security. However, the possibility of effective cooperation is hampered by internal conflicts and growing threats from radical groups. In light of these changes, states in the region must make difficult decisions about their security strategies, recognizing that the multi-vector approach is becoming more complex with each passing year