The Bulletin of the Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University accepts for consideration only original manuscripts that have not previously been published and are not simultaneously under consideration by another publication.

All submitted materials are checked using iThenticate software. The system identifies textual similarities with published works, online sources and other materials; however, the resulting similarity score does not in itself constitute evidence of plagiarism.

The Editorial Board analyses the nature, extent and location of each instance of similarity, as well as the accuracy of citations and references. When assessing the report, consideration is given to properly formatted quotations, the reference list, generally accepted terminology, standard descriptions of methods, regulatory documents, preprints and the authors’ own previously published materials.

The journal uses the following indicators as technical guidelines:

• more than 85% originality – the manuscript is generally permitted to proceed to further consideration;
• between 75% and 85% originality – an additional editorial assessment is conducted; the author may be asked to correct citations, rephrase the text or clarify references;
• less than 75% originality – the manuscript is subject to an in-depth assessment and may be rejected where substantial improper borrowing is identified;
• a similarity of more than 3% with a single source is considered separately by the Editorial Board.

These indicators are not applied automatically. The final decision is made by the Editorial Board following an analysis of the complete iThenticate report.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• verbatim copying without quotation marks and a reference to the source;
• paraphrasing another person’s text without appropriate attribution;
• appropriating another person’s ideas, data, methods, images or results;
• using unpublished materials without permission;
• substantially reusing an author’s own previously published texts without referring to the original publication.

Where improper borrowing is identified before peer review, the manuscript may be returned to the author for correction or rejected. Where doubts arise, the Editorial Board requests explanations and the necessary supporting materials from the author.

Where plagiarism is identified after publication, the Editorial Board conducts an investigation, contacts the authors and gives them an opportunity to provide an explanation. Depending on the nature and extent of the breach, the journal may publish a correction, an Expression of Concern or a retraction notice.