The article examines the similarities, features, and differences of some geographical names in the countries of Central Asia and the lexico-semantic meaning of the toponymsб such as names of springs, rivers, ravines, wells, streams, as well as the prevalence of geographical names associated with the number. Since in the XVI-XVIII centuries the written literary language and culture of neighboring countries were identical, physical and geographical objects in them, i.e. mountains, lakes, rivers, and other similar objects, often had similar names. For this reason, in the regions mentioned above, components like -oguz, -kent, -sai, -agach, related to the Turkic language, are most often preserved in the geographic names. We will consider the above issues in detail in the article